The acoustic startle response is an unconditional reflex manifested as a rapid contraction of facial and skeletal muscles in response to a sudden and intense startling stimulus. Translational research ...

The startle reflex is a rapid, involuntary response to sudden acoustic stimuli, and its study has provided valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying motor preparation. Research in this ...

The investigation of anxiety responses distinguishes between the rapid, phasic reactions elicited by predictable threats and the sustained, diffuse anxiety provoked by unpredictable threats. In ...