Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostatic pathways in microbes operate instant and feedback-regulated adjustments of intracellular ROS concentration. They use redox sensors that 'measure' ROS ...

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The regular turning over process of cellular renewal in human and animals is tissue homeostasis. Homeostatic balance is critical for normal tissue functions and is disturbed during tissue injury.

The central theme of this Review is how the respiratory immune system maintains a strong defence against incoming pathogens, while avoiding the pathogenic consequences of inappropriate responses to ...

The pituitary gland is sometimes called the "master" gland of the endocrine system because it controls the functions of many of the other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland is no larger than a pea, ...

Our understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium has evolved over the past 2 decades, with the recognition that it is a dynamically regulated organ and that it plays a nodal role in a variety ...